Document Type

Book Chapter

Publication Date

2023

Abstract

From the first century forward, Christian thinkers and authorities have espoused many dierent views of economics, regulation, the role of the state, and economic law. Christian thought on economic regulation underwent systematic scholarly exposition during the Scholastic, Reformation, and modern eras, culminating in a wide array of perspectives on the role of markets and the government’s regulatory role. From Thomas Aquinas on just price theory to Martin Luther on cartelization and predatory pricing and Adam Smith on the nature of the market’s “invisible hand,” Christian and Christian-inuenced thinkers worked out the ethical and moral implications of contracts, usury, exchange, and the role of government in economic matters. Christian thinkers thus laid the foundations for the modern economic world. However, in the modern era, Enlightenment rationalism, empiricism, and academic specialization gradually displaced a distinctive Christian inuence on economic law. Even though many Christians continue to work on matters of economic law, modern scholarship on market regulation shows little evidence of an ongoing, expressly Christian inuence. However, recent trends in political, social, and academic interests regarding economic law— particularly those related to the fallibility of human decision-making and wealth inequality—oer renewed opportunities for productive engagement by Christian thought.

Comments

This material was originally published in The Oxford Handbook of Christianity and Law by Daniel A. Crane edited by John Witte and Rafael Domingo and has been reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press. For permission to reuse this material, please visit http://global.oup.com/academic/rights

Available for download on Thursday, November 20, 2025


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