Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2024

Abstract

Considerable focus has been placed on the health care applications of artificial intelligence (AI). Already, machine learning, a subset of AI that involves “the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn” has been used to predict diseases, while AI-powered smartphone apps have been developed to promote mental health and weight loss. Owing in part to such successes, the market for AI in health care has been forecasted to increase more than 1000% between 2022 and 2029, from $13.8 billion to $164.1 billion. One area of substantial promise is drug development, which is poised to benefit from advances in the use of AI to predict protein folding, molecular interactions, and cellular disease processes. Successful application of AI to drug development, however, faces several obstacles, including poor model performance caused by nondiverse training data and shortcut learning. Additionally, the often opaque ways that AI systems reach their predictions conflict with regulatory approval frameworks that require a rationale for decision-making. Given these obstacles, we sought to identify the scope and breadth of AI use in drug development.

Comments

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2024 Druedahl LC et al. JAMA Network Open.

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